The Pennsylvania State University Applied Research Laboratory (short: Penn State ARL or simply ARL), is a specialized research unit dedicated to interdisciplinary

scientific research The scientific method is an empirical method for acquiring knowledge that has characterized the development of science since at least the 17th century (with notable practitioners in previous centuries; see the article history of scientific m ...

at the

Penn State #Redirect Pennsylvania State University The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State or PSU) is a Public university, public Commonwealth System of Higher Education, state-related Land-grant university, land-grant research university with campu ...

, University Park campus. The ARL is a DoD designated

U.S. Navy The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most powerful navy in the world, with the estimated tonnage o ...

University Affiliated Research Center A University Affiliated Research Center (UARC) is a strategic United States Department of Defense (DoD) research center associated with a university. UARCs are formally established by the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (US ...

. It is the university's largest research unit with over 1,000 faculty and staff. The Laboratory ranks 2nd in DoD and 10th in

NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research. NASA was established in 1958, succeeding t ...

funding to universities. ARL maintains a long-term relationship with the

Naval Sea Systems Command The Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) is the largest of the United States Navy's five "systems commands," or materiel (not to be confused with "material") organizations. From a physical perspective, NAVSEA has four shipyards for shipbuilding, c ...

and the

Office of Naval Research The Office of Naval Research (ONR) is an organization within the United States Department of the Navy responsible for the science and technology programs of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. Established by Congress in 1946, its mission is to plan ...

History

The ARL was established in 1945 by the

when the Harvard

Underwater Sound Laboratory The Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC) is the United States Navy's full-spectrum research, development, test and evaluation, engineering and fleet support center for submarines, autonomous underwater systems, and offensive and defensive weapons ...

(USL) was terminated and its torpedo division was moved to Penn State. Eric Walker, the USL's assistant director, moved to Penn State to become its first director from 1945 until 1951, when he became the president of the university. Today, ARL operates over a dozen facilities ranging from acoustic research to fluid and nuclear.

Laboratory structure

The ARL is made of six distinct research divisions: * Advanced Technology ** Includes: Autonomous Control and Intelligent Systems, Systems and Unmanned Vehicle, Energy Science and Power Systems, Sonar Research and Development * Fluid and Structural Mechanics ** Includes: Fluid Dynamics, Noise Control and Hydroacoustics, Computational and Mechanics, Research Facilities * Material and Manufacturing ** Includes: Material Processing, Manufacturing System, Laser Processing, Composite Material, Systems and Operations Automation * Communications, Information, and Navigation ** Includes: Communication Systems, Electromagnetics & Geospatial Systems, Information & Imaging, Visualization SEA Lab, Navigation Research & Development * Undersea Weapons ** Includes: Torpedoes Systems,

Weapon Systems Engineering Weapon systems engineering involves using engineering tools in technology to create and guarantee the safety and performance of weapons. It is currently being used by the military and the government to create new weapons to protect the United Stat ...

, Technology Development and Transition, Systems Analysis and Simulation * Research and Academic Programs ** Includes: Acoustics, Information Sciences and Technology

Facilities

The Applied Research Laboratory operates a number of locations and off-site facilities. * Penn State main campus buildings ** Applied Research Laboratory Building ** Applied Science Building **

Garfield Thomas Water Tunnel The Garfield Thomas Water Tunnel is one of the United States Navy, U.S. Navy's principal experimental hydrodynamic research facilities and is operated by the Pennsylvania State University, Penn State Pennsylvania State University Applied Research ...

** Research Building West * Penn State satellite campus ** Distributed Engineering Center, Penn State Fayette Campus * Off-campus buildings ** ARL West IV, Science Park Road, State College, PA ** ARL Science Park Building, Science Park Road, State College, PA ** ARL West I, Cato Park, State College, PA ** Exegyn ARL West II, Cato Park, State College, PA ** ARL West III (aka Atotech), Science Park Road, State College, PA ** 230 Building, Innovation Park, State College, PA ** Navigation Research & Development Building Center, Warminster, PA ** Electro-Optics S&T Center, Kittanning, PA ** Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division, Keyport, Keyport, WA ** Reston Office, Reston Virginia ** Key West Facility, Key West, Florida ** EOC, Electro-Optics Center, Northpointe, Kittanning, Pennsylvania ** Keyport, Washington ** Mitchell Field, New York

Acoustic research

ARL operates the Structural Acoustics Laboratory which houses an array of tanks including an Acoustic Reverberant Tank and an Acoustic Test Tank for acoustic research projects. The facilities include complete instrumentation for measuring and calibrating transducers and transducer arrays. The Acoustic Test Tank is equipped with the instrumentation required for determining the acoustic characteristics of sonar devices designed for frequency response calibrations, radiation pattern plots, and impedance and admittance characterizations. Additionally, ARL operates a Large Anechoic Chamber with the "mission is to increase the knowledge and understanding of applied electromagnetics in key areas of defense and commercial systems utilizing communications, navigation, and sensor-based systems such as direction finding, for example." The facility is stationed in

Warminster Warminster () is an ancient market town with a nearby garrison, and civil parish in south west Wiltshire, England, on the western edge of Salisbury Plain. The parish had a population of about 17,000 in 2011. The 11th-century Minster Church of S ...

, Pennsylvania at the former Naval Air Warfare Center.

Fluid dynamics research

The Garfield Thomas Water Tunnel was constructed shortly after the establishment of the ARL at Penn State in cooperation with the

for further torpedo research. The facility operates one of the largest circulating water tunnels in the world. It also operates an array of wind tunnels, glycerin tunnels, and anechoic chamber for used in many physics problems and experiments.

Nuclear research

ARL operates the Advanced Nuclear Fuel Test Facility (ANFTF) which is a Westinghouse-funded facility to test advanced power reactors and fuel component designs. The facility entered operation in 1996 with a fully functional 600 MWe nuclear power plant, the Westinghouse

AP600 The AP600 is a model of relatively small, 600 MWe nuclear power plant designed by Westinghouse Electric Company. The AP600 has passive safety features characteristic of the Generation III reactor concept. The projected core damage frequency is ...

. The facility's objective is to characterize the effect of different fuel grid spacers on the onset of the

departure from nucleate boiling Nucleate boiling is a type of boiling that takes place when the surface temperature is hotter than the saturated fluid temperature by a certain amount but where the heat flux is below the critical heat flux. For water, as shown in the graph below, ...

(DNB) phenomenon and to quantify the

critical heat flux Critical heat flux (CHF) describes the thermal limit of a phenomenon where a phase change occurs during heating (such as bubbles forming on a metal surface used to heat water), which suddenly decreases the efficiency of heat transfer, thus causing ...

(CHF) as the DNB event occurs.

Space research

On September 4, 2013 an agreement has been reached between the Applied Research Laboratory and NASA's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. The laboratory created the Space Systems Initiative which would allow the space center to provide bipropellant rockets and liquid methane/liquid oxygen control engines with the university to enabling students to gain a better understanding of rocket performance. Data and results would be shared with NASA.

Lunar Lion

The Penn State Lunar Lion is a team within the Applied Research Laboratory as part of the Space Systems Initiative which has joined the

Google Lunar X Prize The Google Lunar XPRIZE (GLXP), sometimes referred to as Moon 2.0, was a 2007–2018 inducement prize space competition organized by the X Prize Foundation, and sponsored by Google. The challenge called for privately funded teams to be th ...

. The team is expected to build a robotic

spacecraft A spacecraft is a vehicle or machine designed to fly in outer space. A type of artificial satellite, spacecraft are used for a variety of purposes, including communications, Earth observation, meteorology, navigation, space colonization, p ...

that is four feet in diameter and weighs 500 pounds. The team hopes to land the craft on the moon in December 2015. The project includes over 500 students and 50 faculty members.

References

External links

Pennsylvania State University Applied Research Laboratory−ARL website
{{authority control Laboratories in the United States Science and technology in Pennsylvania Multidisciplinary research institutes Chemical research institutes Engineering research institutes Pennsylvania State University campus 1945 establishments in Pennsylvania Research institutes established in 1945